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Greenwood, Mississippi

Coordinates: 33°31′7″N 90°11′2″W / 33.51861°N 90.18389°W / 33.51861; -90.18389
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Not to be confused with Greenville, Mississippi.

Greenwood, Mississippi
City
Howard Street in Greenwood
Howard Street in Greenwood
Flag of Greenwood, Mississippi
Flag
Official seal of Greenwood, Mississippi
Seal
Location of Greenwood, Mississippi
Location of Greenwood, Mississippi
Greenwood, Mississippi is located in the United States
Greenwood, Mississippi
Greenwood, Mississippi
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 33°31′7″N 90°11′2″W / 33.51861°N 90.18389°W / 33.51861; -90.18389
CountryUnited States
StateMississippi
CountyLeflore
Government
 • MayorCarolyn McAdams (I)
Area
[1]
 • Total
12.69 sq mi (302.87 km2)
 • Land12.34 sq mi (301.95 km2)
 • Water0.36 sq mi (0.92 km2)
Elevation
131 ft (40 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
14,490
 • Density1,174.71/sq mi (453.56/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
38930, 38935
Area code662
FIPS code28-29340
GNIS feature ID0670714
Websitewww.greenwoodms.com

Greenwood is a city in and the county seat of Leflore County, Mississippi, United States,[2] located at the eastern edge of the Mississippi Delta region, approximately 96 miles north of the state capital, Jackson, and 130 miles south of the riverport of Memphis, Tennessee. It was a center of cotton planter culture in the 19th century.

The population was 15,205 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Greenwood Micropolitan Statistical Area. Greenwood developed at the confluence of the Tallahatchie and the Yalobusha rivers, which form the Yazoo River.

History

[edit]
Howard Street
Front Street buildings along the Yazoo River

European settlement

[edit]

The first Euro-American settlement on the banks of the Yazoo River was a trading post founded in 1834 by Colonel Dr. John J. Dilliard[3]: 7  and known as Dilliard's Landing. The settlement had competition from Greenwood Leflore's rival landing called Point Leflore, located three miles up the Yazoo River. The rivalry ended when Captain James Dilliard donated parcels in exchange for a commitment from the townsmen to maintain an all-weather turnpike to the hill section to the east, along with a stagecoach road to the more established settlements to the northwest.[4]

The settlement was incorporated as "Greenwood" in 1844, named after Chief Greenwood LeFlore. The success of the city, founded during a strong international demand for cotton, was based on its strategic location in the heart of the Delta: on the easternmost point of the alluvial plain, and astride the Tallahatchie and Yazoo rivers. The city served as a shipping point for cotton to major markets in New Orleans, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri.[5]

The construction of railroads through the area in the 1880s revitalized the city;[3]: 8  two rail lines ran to downtown Greenwood close to the Yazoo River, and shortened transportation to markets. Greenwood again emerged as a prime shipping point for cotton. Downtown's Front Street, bordering the Yazoo, was dominated by cotton factors and related businesses, earning that section the name "Cotton Row".

20th century

[edit]

The city continued to prosper well into the 1940s. Cotton production suffered in Mississippi during the infestation of the boll weevil in the early 20th century; however, for many years the bridge over the Yazoo displayed the sign "World's Largest Inland Long Staple Cotton Market".

Cotton cultivation and processing became largely mechanized in the first half of the 20th century, displacing thousands of sharecroppers and tenant farmers. Since the late 20th century, some Mississippi farmers have begun to replace cotton with corn and soybeans as commodity crops; with the textile manufacturing industry having shifted overseas, farmers can gain stronger prices for the newer crops, used mostly as animal feed.[6]

Greenwood's Grand Boulevard was once named one of America's 10 most beautiful streets by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce and the Garden Clubs of America. Sally Humphreys Gwin, a charter member of the Greenwood Garden Club, planted the 1,000 oak trees that line Grand Boulevard. In 1950, Gwin received a citation from the National Congress of the Daughters of the American Revolution in recognition of her work in the conservation of trees.[7][8]

Geography

[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.5 square miles (25 km2), of which 9.2 square miles (24 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) is water.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Greenwood, Mississippi (Greenwood–Leflore Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29) 		84
(29) 		88
(31) 		94
(34) 		100
(38) 		104
(40) 		105
(41) 		106
(41) 		103
(39) 		100
(38) 		89
(32) 		85
(29) 		106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 73.9
(23.3) 		76.7
(24.8) 		82.8
(28.2) 		86.8
(30.4) 		91.7
(33.2) 		95.0
(35.0) 		97.9
(36.6) 		98.8
(37.1) 		96.0
(35.6) 		89.9
(32.2) 		81.8
(27.7) 		75.7
(24.3) 		99.8
(37.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 54.2
(12.3) 		58.8
(14.9) 		67.2
(19.6) 		75.2
(24.0) 		82.9
(28.3) 		89.1
(31.7) 		91.5
(33.1) 		91.9
(33.3) 		87.3
(30.7) 		77.3
(25.2) 		65.7
(18.7) 		57.1
(13.9) 		74.8
(23.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 44.4
(6.9) 		48.3
(9.1) 		56.1
(13.4) 		64.0
(17.8) 		72.3
(22.4) 		79.0
(26.1) 		81.5
(27.5) 		81.1
(27.3) 		75.6
(24.2) 		64.9
(18.3) 		53.8
(12.1) 		47.1
(8.4) 		64.0
(17.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 34.7
(1.5) 		37.9
(3.3) 		45.1
(7.3) 		52.8
(11.6) 		61.7
(16.5) 		68.8
(20.4) 		71.6
(22.0) 		70.4
(21.3) 		63.8
(17.7) 		52.4
(11.3) 		41.9
(5.5) 		37.0
(2.8) 		53.2
(11.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 16.6
(−8.6) 		21.4
(−5.9) 		27.0
(−2.8) 		35.8
(2.1) 		46.5
(8.1) 		58.6
(14.8) 		63.9
(17.7) 		61.9
(16.6) 		48.0
(8.9) 		33.9
(1.1) 		25.7
(−3.5) 		21.5
(−5.8) 		14.6
(−9.7)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19) 		−4
(−20) 		15
(−9) 		28
(−2) 		35
(2) 		49
(9) 		53
(12) 		52
(11) 		35
(2) 		27
(−3) 		15
(−9) 		2
(−17) 		−4
(−20)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.52
(115) 		5.04
(128) 		4.76
(121) 		5.82
(148) 		4.44
(113) 		3.74
(95) 		3.82
(97) 		3.21
(82) 		3.83
(97) 		3.41
(87) 		3.86
(98) 		5.33
(135) 		51.78
(1,315)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.6 10.0 10.7 8.9 9.8 9.0 9.3 8.2 6.0 7.4 8.3 10.2 107.4
Source: NOAA[9][10]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880308—
18901,055242.5%
19003,026186.8%
19105,83692.9%
19207,79333.5%
193011,12342.7%
194014,76732.8%
195018,06122.3%
196020,43613.1%
197022,4009.6%
198020,115−10.2%
199018,906−6.0%
200018,425−2.5%
201015,205−17.5%
202014,490−4.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

2020 census

[edit]
Greenwood Racial Composition[12]
Race Num. Perc.
White 3,646 25.16%
Black or African American 10,198 70.38%
Native American 7 0.05%
Asian 154 1.06%
Other/Mixed 276 1.9%
Hispanic or Latino 209 1.44%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 14,490 people, 4,924 households, and 2,793 families residing in the city.

2010 census

[edit]

At the 2010 census,[13] there were 15,205 people and 6,022 households in the city. The population density was 1,237.7 inhabitants per square mile (477.9/km2). There were 6,759 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 30.4% White, 67.0% Black, 0.1% Native American, 0.9% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, <0.1% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

Among the 6,022 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.16.

Arts and culture

[edit]

Mississippi Blues Trail markers

[edit]
WGRM Radio Studio Blues Trail marker

Radio station WGRM on Howard Street was the location of B.B. King's first live broadcast in 1940. On Sunday nights, King performed live gospel music as part of a quartet.[14] In memory of this event, the Mississippi Blues Trail has placed its third historic marker in this town at the site of the former radio station.[15][16] Another Mississippi Blues Trail marker is placed near the grave of the blues singer Robert Johnson.[17] A third Blues Trail marker notes the Elks Lodge in the city, which was an important black organization.[18] A fourth Blues Trail marker was dedicated to Hubert Sumlin that is located along the Yazoo River on River Road. [19]

Government

[edit]

Local government

[edit]

Greenwood is governed under a city council form of government, composed of council members elected from seven single-member wards and headed by a mayor, who is elected at-large.

Education

[edit]

Greenwood Leflore Consolidated School District (GLCSD) operates public schools. Previously the majority of the city was in Greenwood Public School District while small portions were in the Leflore County School District.[20] These two districts consolidated into GLCSD on July 1, 2019.[21] Greenwood High School is the only public high school in Greenwood. As of 2014, the student body is 99% black. Amanda Elzy High School, outside of the Greenwood city limits, was formerly of the Leflore County district. It was recently taken over by the State of Mississippi for poor performance as a result of deficient leadership.

Pillow Academy, a private school, is located in unincorporated Leflore County, near Greenwood.

Delta Streets Academy, a newly founded private school located in downtown Greenwood, has an enrollment of nearly 50 students. It has continued to increase enrollment.

St. Francis Catholic School, run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson, provides classes from kindergarten through sixth grade.[22]

In addition, North New Summit School provides educational services for special-needs and at-risk children from kindergarten through high school.

Media

[edit]

Newspapers, magazines and journals

[edit]

Television

[edit]

AM/FM radio

[edit]

Filming location

[edit]

Nightmare in Badham County (1976), Ode to Billy Joe (1976), and The Help (2011) were filmed in Greenwood.[23] The 1991 movie Mississippi Masala was also set and filmed in Greenwood.[24]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]

Railroads

[edit]

Greenwood is served by two major rail lines. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Greenwood, connecting New Orleans to Chicago from Greenwood station.

Air transportation

[edit]

Greenwood is served by Greenwood–Leflore Airport (GWO) to the east, and is located midway between Jackson, Mississippi, and Memphis, Tennessee. It is about halfway between Dallas, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia.

Highways

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Donny Whitehead; Mary Carol Miller (September 14, 2009). Greenwood. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-6786-0. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  4. ^ Smith, Frank E. (1954). The Yazoo River. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57-58. ISBN 0-87805-355-7
  5. ^ "Greenwood, Mississippi | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation". www.achp.gov. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  6. ^ Krauss, Clifford. "Mississippi Farmers Trade Cotton Plantings for Corn", The New York Times, May 5, 2009
  7. ^ "NewspaperArchive® - Genealogy & Family History Records". Newspaperarchive.com. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  8. ^ Kirkpatrick, Mario Carter. Mississippi Off the Beaten Path[permanent dead link‍], GPP Travel, 2007.
  9. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  10. ^ "Station: Greenwood Leflore AP, MS". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  11. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  12. ^ "Explore Census Data". Data.census.gov. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  13. ^ "Greenwood Mississippi". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  14. ^ Cloues, Kacey. "Great Southern Getaways - Mississippi" (PDF). Atlantamagazine.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2008.
  15. ^ "Historical marker placed on Mississippi Blues Trail". Associated Press. January 25, 2007. Retrieved February 9, 2007.
  16. ^ "Film crew chronicles blues markers" (PDF). The Greenwood Commonwealth. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
  17. ^ Widen, Larry. "JS Online: Blues trail". Jsonline.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
  18. ^ "Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail". Msbluestrail.org. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
  19. ^ "Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail". Msbluestrail.org. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
  20. ^ "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Leflore County, MS" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  21. ^ "School District Consolidation in Mississippi Archived 2017-07-02 at the Wayback Machine." Mississippi Professional Educators. December 2016. Retrieved on July 2, 2017. Page 2 (PDF p. 3/6).
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  23. ^ Barth, Jack (1991). Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books, p. 169. ISBN 9780809243266.
  24. ^ "Mississippi Masala (1991) Filming & Production". IMDb. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  25. ^ Mike Celizic (February 11, 1985). "Stardom Comes too Slowly for Speedster". The Record. p. s09.
  26. ^ "C.C. Brown". Detroit Lions. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
  27. ^ Richard Skelly. "Nora Jean Bruso | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  28. ^ "Louis Coleman Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved July 18, 2013.
  29. ^ "A Little Abnormal: The Life of Byron De La Beckwith". Time. July 5, 1963. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  30. ^ "Football Signings in the Mid-South". The Commercial Appeal. February 7, 1991. p. D5.
  31. ^ "Betty Everett, 61, of 'The Shoop Shoop Song'". New York Times. August 23, 2001. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  32. ^ Bryan Crawford (October 29, 2009). "Ford left huge legacy in Euroleague basketball". Greenwood Commonwealth.
  33. ^ "Franklin, William Webster, (1941 - )". U.S. Congress. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  34. ^ a b "Carl Small Town Center Continues Making a Difference in the Delta". US Fed News. December 4, 2013.
  35. ^ Bill Burrus (July 19, 2012). "A hectic week for golfing Gallaghers". Greenwood Commonwealth.
  36. ^ John Howard (October 10, 2001). Men Like That: A Southern Queer History. University of Chicago Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-226-35470-5.
  37. ^ "Sherrod Gideon". TheProFootballArchives. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  38. ^ Scott Stanton (September 1, 2003). The Tombstone Tourist: Musicians. Gallery Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7434-6330-0.
  39. ^ David Kenneth Wiggins (2010). Sport in America: From Colonial Leisure to Celebrity Figures and Globalization. Human Kinetics. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-4504-0912-4.
  40. ^ Sal Maiorana (January 2005). Memorable Stories of Buffalo Bills Football. Sports Publishing LLC. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-58261-963-7.
  41. ^ "Mississippi Slave Narratives from the WPA Records". MSGenWeb. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  42. ^ Filip Bondy (April 27, 2010). Chasing the Game: America and the Quest for the World Cup. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-306-81905-6.
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  44. ^ Paul Oliver (September 27, 1984). Songsters and Saints: Vocal Traditions on Race Records. Cambridge University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-521-26942-1.
  45. ^ "The President". University of Florida. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  46. ^ "Paul Maholm Stats". Mlb.com. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  47. ^ "Matt Miller Stats". Mlb.com. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  48. ^ Bob Doerschuk (2001). 88: The Giants of Jazz Piano. Backbeat Books. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-87930-656-4.
  49. ^ "Juanita Moore dies at 99; 'Imitation of Life' actress earned Oscar nod". Los Angeles Times. January 2, 2014.
  50. ^ Max Apple (1976). Mom, the Flag, and Apple Pie: Great American Writers on Great American Things. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-385-11459-2.
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  52. ^ Nigel Williamson; Robert Plant (April 2, 2007). The rough guide to the blues. Rough Guides. p. 308. ISBN 978-1-84353-519-5.
  53. ^ Bob McCann (2010). Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television. McFarland. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-7864-5804-2.
  54. ^ Jas Obrecht (2000). Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists. Miller Freeman Books. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-87930-613-7.
  55. ^ Tracy Hargreaves (September 1, 2001). Donna Tartt's The Secret History: A Reader's Guide. Continuum. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8264-5320-4.
  56. ^ Martha Ward Plowden (January 1996). Olympic Black Women. Pelican Publishing. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-4556-0994-9.
[edit]
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